Eotary engine



6 Sheets-Sheet 11.

(I o Model.) Y L. J. WING.

ROTARY ENGINE.

No'l 259,965.- Patented June 20, W82.

.NNN

N. PErERs, Plmwlxhagmpher. wanhingmn. D. c.

(No Model.) 6 Sheets-Sheet 2.

- L. J. WING.

" ROTARY ENGINE. No. 259,965. D ll anzemel June 2o, 1882.i

(No Medel.) @sheets-sheet s.

L. J. WING.

ROTARY ENGINE.

Ne. 259,965. Peeented June 20, 1882.

Ulli

Fijo- F56 Figi/ F59.

Flers-,

6 Sheets-Sheet 5.v

(No ModeL) `L. JV. WING. ROTARY ENGINE.

,. Patented June 20;l 1882.

(N50 Model.) f e sheets-sheet 6.

- L. J. WING. ROTARY ENGINE. No. 259,965. y Patented June 20, 1882.

.= V.2zy

' I VEk'N-TOR' UNITED STATES PATENT rrrce.

LEANDER J. WING, OF LEXINGTO, MASSACHUSETTS.

ROTARY ENGINE.

SPECIFICATION forming `part of Letters Patent No. 259,965, dated June20, 1882,

` Application filed November 28, 1881. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, LEANDER J. WING, ofLexington, in the county of Middlesex and State of Massachusetts, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Rotary 'Engiues; and Ido hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it pertains to make and 'use the same. In the'constructionof a rotary steam engine thatshall successfully compete with thereciprocating engines now in use, it is necessary that-such a cylindershall be used as shall best secure the advantages of automatic cutoffand expansion of steam. This result has hitherto been best attainedbythe useV ofthe cylinderof the reciprocating engine, into which steam isintroduced at the fore part of the stroke, at as near boiler-pressure aspossible, and is then cut oft'l at a point in the stroke where theremainingenergy of the steam will be used up before it is exhausted fromthe cylinder. By these means the full expansive capacity of the steam isutilized. In order to secure this desired result, I use in my rotaryengine a cylinder possessing, as near as possible, the features of thecylinder used in the reciproeating engine. My cylinder isfrom three .toeight times the length of the above-named cylinder, and is bent into acircle to allow the piston (the outer ring of which lits the peculiarcurve ofthe cylinder) to rotate in the cylinder,"and thus avoid thereciprocating motion of the piston and its contingent parts. lIn ordertorender this plan practical, a movable abutment isrequired which shallsatisfactorily perform the office of a cylinder-head, and then turnaside to allow the revolvingpiston to pass, and then resume its properfunction again.

Upon this abutment the efficiency and value- Vof the engine areprincipally dependent. To attain any desired speed of piston or mainshaft, the abutment must have a continuous movement. All experiments inthis line of invention show that an abutment of a reciprocating oroscillating form of construction not only limits the speed of the'piston or main shaft, but requires greater power to Work it, sincethemomentum ofthe moving parts must be overcome at each revolution oroftener, thereby causing more friction, greater wear, and increasedliability to needrepairs. Hence I use a revolving-disk abut-ment soarranged that the thrust is taken on the end of its shaft, andthe'appliances for packing it steam-tight, for compensating for wear anda flue adjustment, are formed with special reference to avoid frictionand insure durability. By tLeseimea-ns is secured a harmoniouscombination of the best features of the reciprocating engine with therotary principle.

Figure 1 is a front elevation of my engine. Fig. 2 is an end view of thesame, the Ilywheel being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 3 is a "iew insideelevation of the inner half of the annular cylinder, showing the ports,the cylinder extensions in section, and thepistondisk,thepiston-extensions,andcentrifugal balance in dotted lines.Fig. 4 is a perspective view of the inside of the annular cylinder,showing the piston-disk andthe piston-extensions passing through thecylinder-extensions and the abutment, which is shown in properposition.- Fig. 5 isv a view of the piston-disk with itsextensions, thepiston, being in position for operation andthe cone in the, hub of thesame, the centrifugal balance being shown in dotted lines. Fig. 6 is aView in side elevation of the piston-ring. Fig. 7 is a side View of thepiston. Fig. Sis the cap-plate of the piston. Fig. 9 is a side view ofthe shell of thepiston. Fig. 10 shows the rings inserted in thepiston-shell. tion taken through the cylinder and rotary abutment. Fig.12 is a view Yin outline of the parts shown in Fig. 11, with theabutment in position to form a cylinder-head. Fig. 13 represents apacking-ring for the cylinder-exten- Fig. 11 is a vertical secsion,showing the springs connected therewith. 9o

Fig. 14 is a view in perspective of one of the cylinder-extensions. yFig. 15 is a cross-section of Fig. 14 on line w m. Fig. 16 is anenlarged view ofv the lower left-hand portion of Fig. 14, showing theappliance for packing the pistondisk in the cylinder extension. Fig. 17is a view in cross-section of the cylinder, with the steam-jacketapplied to the same. Fig. 18 is a rear view in outline, showing theunter-gears by which the abutment is operated. Fig. 19 is a diminishedview of the outside of the cylinder, showing the application of thesteamjacket thereto. Fig. 20 is an enlarged view ot' the adjustablebearing for the abutment-shaft. Fig.21is aview invertieal section of thethrustbearingfor the abutment-shaft, with the check-v nut, also theset-screw, disks, and shaft in position. Fig. 22 is a transverse sectiontaken through the block L. Fig.23 is aview in side elevation of saidblock. Fig.24 is anend view of a modited form of construction of enginesembodying my invention.

A represents the bed ot' the engine, having two outwardl y-projectin gdan ges, A A', to the outer sides ot which are secured the innersections, E E', of the annular cylinder F by means of bolts passingthrough the ears E2 E2 and an ges A A, servingto secure them firmlytogether. The bed A is also provided with stays or braces A2 A2, toimpart additional strength and stiffness thereto.-

The standards B, located at opposite ends of the bed A, may be eastintegral with the bed A or secured thereto by bolts, as shown in Figs. 1and 2.

In the upper end of each standard B is formed an elongated seat, B',within which are placed the wedges B2 B2, with set-screws C U engagingwith the thick end ot' each wedge,as shown in Fig. 2.

Resting upon the flat surface of the upper wedge is the foot B3 of themain bearing C, which foot is adapted to tin the slot Bateither end ofthe elongated seat B. A movement either forward or backward ot' thewedges B2 B2, by means of the set-screws c c, raises or lowers the footB2, and so adjusts the main bearing() to compensate for any wearthereof. After the bearings C have been adjusted to the proper heightthe feet Bare secured in place by means ofthe tap-bolts BG BG, whichpass through elongated slots in the wedges B2 B2 and enterscrew-threaded holes in the elongated seat B'.

E and E' are the outer and inner sections of the annular cylinder F,which two sections are firmly secured to each other by means of boltspassing through the flanges of section E into the flange of section E,the inner faces of which ilanges are fitted to form a steam-tight jointwhen thus firmly bolted together. On the opposite sides of the sectionE' are formed the ears E2 E2, to secure the same to the tlan ges A' A',and joined to the upper end of these ears E2 E2 are the projections E3E2, to which are secured the main and thrust bearings of the shaft N' ofthe abutment-disk N.

In the inner surface of the sections E and E is formed the annularcylinder F by means of a semicircular groove in each section, whichextends entirely around the sections, so that when the two sections Eand E' are secured together an annular cylinder, F, is formed therein,the bore of the cylinder' being shown in Figs. 11 and 12. In the upperpart of the annular cylinder F is a slot, L, extending somewhat belowthe bore and upward entirely through the annular cylinder F and flanges,which slot is sufficiently wide to allow the two cylinder-extensions F Fto be fitted into it on either side, sufficient space being provided toallow the abutment-disk N to freely revolve between them, as shown inFig 4..

In the center of the sections E and E is a hole oropening, (shown inFig. 3,) in which the hubK of the piston-disk I is made to revolve, andon the outside it forms a hub, to which the stuffing-box E4 is bolted.Between the two sections E and E a suhcient space is formed to allow thepiston-disk 1 to freely revolve therein, as shown in Fig. 11. On eachsection E and E of the annular cylinder F, just inside the bore and uponthe flat surface which comes in contact with the piston-disk I when inposition, is a groove, H, extending entirely around vthe sections E andE', ot' suticient width and depth to contain a ring, H2, tightly fittedtherein, with tempered-steel coil-springs H behind the ring H2, which,by engaging against the side of the piston-disk I, near its periphery,prevents the escape of steam to the huh K of the piston-disk I, and alsocompensates for wear.

At the bottom ofthe section E of the annular cylinder F is an opening,F5, (see Fig. 11,) to which is attached a pet-cock, (not sho\vn,) torelieve the annular cylinder F of water ot' condensation when required.

The cylinder-extensions F F, Figs. 3, 14, 15, and 16, are ttcd withinthe slot L of the annular cylinder F, so as to be steam-tight, and aresecured in proper position by bolts a a a, as shown in Fig. 1, in whichposition they are bored out at the same time the cylinder F is bored,and constitute a continuation or segment of the cylinder, and theiroffice is to allow of the cutting of a groove, F, in their innersurface, just around the bore of the annular cylinder F, into whichgroove F4 is nicely tted a ring, F2, Fig. 13, and beneath this ring F2are set, in the groove F4, tempered-steel coil-springs F3, to keep therings F2 constantly forced against the side surfaces of theabutment-disk N, and so keep it steam-tightwhile performing the oice ofa revolving or movable cylinder-head. The bottom ot' the bore of thecylinder-extensions F' Fl is cutaway, and within such cut-away portionare snugv ly tted the sides of the piston-disk I. On either side of thiscut-away section is a slot, F4, in which is tted steam-tight the metalpaekingpieces FG, with springs behind them, (said springs not beingsho\vn,) which metal pieces F6 engage against the sides of the revolvingpiston-disk N and pack it. In fact, they are extensions ot' thepacking-ring H2 H2, set in sections E and E of the annular cylinder F,and perform the same office. The projections E3 E3 are purposelyattached to the flanges of section E' of the annular cylinder F, tofacilitate the removal ot' section E when desired and allow the sectionE to remain in its usual position.

On the outside of section E', surrounding the outside openings fromports X and W, is a ange, to which the valves for ingress and egress ofsteam are secured. On the outside lOO IOS

IIO

K', which is bored through its center to allow of sections E and E',surrounding on three `sides the slot L, sufcieut metal surface isallowedto give thenecessary strength'to the cylinder at that point, alsoto allow for rmly securing thereto the pockets M' M', cap M, and istuffing-boxes S.

The'piston-disk vI consists of a diskfof suffi-- cient thickness toinsurethe strength requilsite to carry the piston, the diameter ot'which dislrbeiug just equal to the diameter ofthe packing-rings H2 insections E and E of the annular cylinder F. In the center-of the disk I,and oneither side, isa hub, K, of sufficient size to allow the mainshaftD to pass through.

the main shaft D and feather thereon, for which a space is cut, to passthrough'it easily. The cone is split throughout its length,so thatv whenthe two cones K' K' are drawn into the hub K, by means of the boltsshown in Fig. 11, they are made to clasp tightly aroundlthe shaft andfeather, and thus a strong and durable yet easily-detachable connectionis made between the piston-disk I and the main shaft D. The periphery ofthe piston-disk I is curved to suit the circumferential curve of theabutment-disk N, which revolves across it. (See Figs. 4, 11, and12.)

i On the outer edge of the ypiston-disk I areformed two segmentalextensions,l2 13, `between which is the slot I', in which the piston` Gis carried. A smaller slot, I, on one side of the 'slot 1', receives theprojection G4 of the f -piston G, and thus secures it rigidly againstany radial movementinthe slot I. Thelength.

of the segmental extensions 1213 is inthe presf ent case aboutone-fourth of the circumferencel of the cylinder; but vthey may belonger or shorter, according to the diameter of the abutment-disk N.l'.lheseextensions area little'.

smaller than the bore of the annular cylinder,

andare cored out in the center, leaving onlyk metal enough to take thesteam-pressure, and

are cutawayfrom the slot 'I' to the endof each to adapt them to themovement ot' the cutaway section in the abutment-disk- N whilethe pistonG is passing through it. (See Fig. 4.) The function ofthesepiston-extensions Pand 1a is to till, as far as possible, withhollow metal that space in the cylinder intervening betweenr the port ofingress and the abutment-disk N just at the time when steam isadmitted'to the annular cylinder F, and hence-they serve to reduce theclearance just the `bulk otone ot these extensions in each annularcylinder at each revolution ofthe piston G.

0n the side of the piston-disk I, between the hub K and slot 1', is anopening, b, in which is placed a llev-er, J, with a movableifulcrum, d,inrits center anda rod, e, attached to one end,

the opposite end of this rod` being attached to This device, as a whole,may be called a centrifug'al balance, and' is designed to counteractorcounterbalance the eii'ect of'centrifugal a force applied to thepiston-ring G2 when the piston G is revolving rapidly about the annu--larcylinder F. 4

It will beseenby the foregoing description that the sides or frame ofthe piston is rigidly iixedfbetween the piston-extensions 12 13, therings .G2and G3 alone being flexible or movablc radially. vHence onerod, e, attached to theflever J, is secured to the inner ring, G3, of

the' piston .G through an opening sufciently large in the bottom orprojected part of the outer ring, G2, and the. rod e', attached to theviother end of the lever J, is attached to a ball,

J of metal, located -in thecavity of the pistonextension 12,1th'e weightot' which ball J' is fequal to the xweight 'of vtheapiston-rilnigs` G2'and'G3. Hence t-he action ot' thecentrifugal force on the'fball kJ' isjust equal to its y"force Vupon the rings G2and1G3, and the movablefull-crum d allows of the proper adjustment to overcome` any frictionot'. the rings G2 and Gbe- `tween the two heads G' hof the piston G. To

adjust this an opening. is leftin the section E ot' annular `cylinder F,which is covered .by a .'cap,L'boltedonand-removableat will. (Shown --indottedlines in Fig. 2.) The ball .J' is sus- `pendediwithin thc cavityof the extension 1.2 by a dat steel spring, g, the `ends of which aresupported by hooks g. ,l 'lhe'endsot the spring `gv areformed -withelongated openings to allow of aradially-tlexible movement of the ball,and

-yet'causefit to he carriedv withxthe piston-disk in either direction.

The piston G is constructed with aplate, h, -which is circular exceptforabout one-eighth of its vcircumfereiiice,.whichprojects outwardly forapurposehereinafter stated. On the back of this plate is a projection,G4, the use of which has already been vstated. Upon this vplate are tiveprojections or bosses, G5,'to which is boltedthe corresponding plate,G'. rlhis constitutes the `frame of the Ypiston-(l, the plates G'and hformingiwhat is nsuallyvknown as pist ')n-heads.` The piston G isfurther profvidedwith two rings, one, G2, being the outer ring, whichlisformed to lit the peculiar curve of the annular cylinder F, beingconcave to t the inner surface and convex to fit the outer Vsurface `ot'the annular cylinder-F.

- vIt will be remembered that the packingrings H2 in sections E E of theannular cylinder Ffwere set in somewhat from the bore ot' --the cylinderF, (see Figs. 1l and 12,) to secure sufficient strength of metal betweenthe groove Hiand the bore of the annular cylinder F.

In order to compensate for the Wear between the diskI and that part ofthe annular cylinder F which -is situated between the bore and thegroov-e H, the outer piston-ring,\G2, is extended down into'thepiston-disk 1 far enoughso that its projected-part shall cover suchintervening IIO' space, and as the ring G2 is split at the bottom it ismade to compensate for wear not only around the bore of the cylinderF,'but also so far down into the space formed for the admission of thepiston-disk I as is necessary to secure a steam-tight and wearing fit.For this purpose the outer piston ring, G2, is east of greater diameterthan the bore of the cylinder, and in the projection thereof a groove isplaned out of it from opposite sides to forni the cut (Shown in Fig.10.) Itis then compressed and its outer and inner surfaces tu rned,asrequired, so that when it is put in its proper position it must becompressed to be put into the cylinderand will expand iu the projection1to pack the aforesaid intervening space. The inner ring, G3, is ofgreater'outer diameter than the inner diameter of ring G2, and is cutand then compressed, and the outside turned to fit the inside diameterofring G2. The ringisthen turned on the inside eccentric, 'so that when itis placed on the inside of ring G2 the expansion of both rings willsecure a uniform expansion of thcentire circle of the outer ring. Shouldthe bore of the cylinder F wear nnequally, this can be obviated byvarying the shape of the inner ring. This device, in connection with thecentrifugal balance, before described, causes vthe annular cylinder F towear in a circle in its circumferential contact with the piston G.

The peculiar form of the eut in the projeeted section of the ring G2prevents the escape of any steam through it should the pistou G for anyreason become filled with steam, since the edges of the ring G2 form aground or stcam-tightjoint between the piston-heads G and h, which headsare provided with extensions like that in ring G2. j

In order t0 secure a proper speed of the piston and not necessitate toolarge a circle of the annular cylinder F, the abutment should have acontinuous movement simultaneous with the piston. For this reason I usearevolving abutment, thus avoiding any reciprocating motion,

which latter greatly retards the speed and' is` more liable to becomeimpaired in use. rlhis abutment N eonsistsofa disk whose diameter isthree times or more the dia-meter of the bore` of the annular cylinderF. A shaft, N', passes through the hub ofthe disk N, to which it isfirmly secured. The disk Nis of sufficient thickness to secure thenecessary strength of metal, so thatit will not spring or break under`the pressure of steam. A section is eut away from the disk N, as shownin Figs. 4, 11, and 12, sufficiently large to allow the piston G to passwhile the disk N is in motion and not comein contact with it. Oppositethe cut-away section the disk N is cored out sufficiently to offset themetal cut away, so it will be balanced in itself and capable of greatspeed thereby. The periphery of the disk Nis curved to match thecircumference of the piston-disk I, across which it revolves. As bothdisks move together, the movement is a spiral or diagonal movement, andwell adapted to form a nice surface on the line of contact between thetwo.

The shaft N rests in the adjustable bearings O0, which bearings aresecured 'by bolts to the brackets E* E4 of the projections E2 E3 ofsection E of the annular cylinderl F.' (See Figs. 1 and 2.) The bearingsO O, like the main-shaft bearings G C, rest upon wedges, which furnishample means for a line adjust- .ment(see Fg.1) by means of set-screws oand tap-bolts o2. The ends of the shaft N rest in the thrust-bearings PP, which bearings are secured to the lprojections E2133 by bolts whichhold themin the slots, to which theirlower projection is nicely fitted,and allow of any vertical adjustment desired. Ihus it will be secu thatthe abutment-disk N can be very nicely adjusted in its contact with thepiston-disk I by the use of the set-screws o and tap-bolts o2. (See Fig.1.-)

The bearing 0 is shown in detail in Fig. 20. It may be of any desiredlength and be babbitted or made solid, as preferred. The thrustbearingsP P are shown in detail in Fig. 2l. The shaft N is made to projectpartly into the thrust-bearing P, its end' pressing against the outerface of one of three (more or less) hard- 4cned steel or ease-hardenediron disks P2, of

the'diametcr ofthe shaft N or less. These disks are provided with a slot(not shown) in them to aid in lubrication, and they in turn rest againstthe face of a thrust-bearing disk, P3, having a long screw, j,projecting froinits center, which is fitted into the rear part ofthebearing P, and is adjustable by means of a wrench applied to the outersquare end ofthe saine when the check-nut P4 is removed and theset-screw P is loosed. A cap, 7c, covers that part of the bearing P inwhich the end of the shaf't N and the disks P2 are placed. By this meansthe abutment-disk N is very finely adjusted between the rings F2 of thecylinder-extensions F F. This device also provides for any wear betweenthe end of shaft N and the disks P2 or thrust-bearing disk P3.

In the rear, as seen in Fig. v18, there is a imiter-gear, I, secured tothe shaft N, which revolves the abutment-disk N,which gear is made torevolve bymeans of similar gears on shafts Q and Q', which connect withthe like gear on the main shaft D, so that the abutment-disk N is madeto revolve simultaneously with the main shaft D, and as both piston andabutnienthave a continuous movement any desired speedof piston or of themain shaft is attainable, and as the movements are steady and no unequalstrain is placed on any one part of the engine it is not liable to getout of order. By enlarging the circle of the annular cylinder a greaterleverage is obtained loetween the piston and main shaft. Hence the poweris increased at will.

The shaft N is provided with stuffing-boxes S S, which are secured bybolts to the top of the annular cylinder F and the bottom of the cap M,so as to allow ofthe shaft N being To avoid any tendency of the ringsF2LF2 IOO IOS

being displaced bythe action of the springs `F3 during the passage ofthe cut-away section ofthe abutmentdisk N, a device (shown inV vFastenedto the wide end of the block -Lby screws is a spring, L3, extending inthe groove LZthe full .length of the block L', so that .its.extremeinnerends shall engage with that part of the rings F2 F2extending below the line at zo which the periphery ot' the abutment-diskN` passes the ring F2. (See Fig.16.) The screws L4 L4, passingthroughthe movable wedge- Ashaped pieces L L, adjust the ends of thel-springs L3, which in'turn adjust the rings F2 F2,

e5 so that the cut-away section of the abntment.

disk N. shall-closely shear` by the rings F2 F2,

and so avoid any concussion which might otherwise occur.

In Figs'. 17 and 19 is shown the manner in 3o which a steam-jacket canbe very easilyvapplied to the cylinder when that method ot' protectionis `preferred to a covering of the cylinder by some non-conductingmaterialso much Vingeneral use. The valves used on this engine arehollow ..pistonvalves, with ports'of equal size on each:side'corresponding with like lports in the valvevcylinder,.so that thevalve is balanced whether allowing the steam to `pass into the annular4o lcylinder -F or withholding it therefrom.

A simpler-form of centrifugal balance may A4be used than ythatshown inFig. 5 when only onespeedof-piston is required, as in the case :0fstationary engines, and fmay be described .as follows: a wide `steelspring, in shape like the letteriCv, with ahole in the back through1which v.passes the rod e', Fig. 5, with check-nuts thereon engagingagainst the outside of the -sprin g, `which spring, being placed in theopening, is made to actwith greater or `less `force upon the rod e andpiston-rings G2 G3 by means of the checknnts, which are adjustablethrough vtheo'peniug in the cylinder, (shown in ydotted lines in thecut-a-way section in the .lower portion of the bearing G, Fig. 2.) Y

All of the moving parts of the engine are finely adjustable, and lfullprovision. is ymade,

tocolnpensate forwcar.

Although two cylinders are -shown 'in Fig. 6a 1, but one cylinder isnecessary in cases where va-llywheel can be used to carry the pistonoverfthe vdead-centers, as in the case of sta- .tionary engines. 'In theengine shown in Fig. .1 themain shaft D is-made to revolve inbut 65.onedrect-ion 5` butv by using valves .with'both inlet and exhaustportstherein the direction of-'the pistonand main shaft Vcan be reversed atwilt Besides the bearings G vfor the main shaft, (shown in Figs. 1 and2,) there are two other adjustable bearings between the twocylinders,Fig. 1, said bearing not being shown. In Fig. 24is shown amodified form of the engine, in which one `cylinder is used insteadoftwo, and two abutments areused and preferably situated on opposite sidesof the cylinder F. The two ports W and X sustain the same relation tothe abutment in the matter of position as in the double engine shown,and there are two other ports, Y and Z, situated in like position. By.this form of construction greater simplicity is attained, it is morecompact, and it costs less to build it, and while it secures the sameefficiency it saves the friction yon one piston. To understand itsoperation, let it be borne in mind that the left-hand abutment, N, hasjust closed, and steam is being admitted at port W, driving the piston(which has passed that por-t) from left to right or toward port X, whichport remains open until the abutment VNi begins to open, when the portXA will close and remain closed until the piston has passed .theabutment N5, and just at the time the abutment N closes Vbehind themoving piston, and

while the space between said abutment and the Apistonis filled with partofthe steam admitted-.at port W the valve X opens to exhau'st the steamcontained in kthe cylinder F, which steam has just forced the piston Gpast the abutment N5, at the same time the `alveZ lopens to admit 4livesteam into the space behind the piston, already filled with attenuatedsteam, which newly-admitted steam' in turn forces the piston along thecylinder F, in the samedirection as before, past the lately-open l butnow closed port Y and the-lately-closed but-now open abutment N 4, whichimmediately yclosesfbehind the piston G, when the same process ofsimultaneously admitting steam in front of the abutment andexhausting itbehind takes place. Hence steam is admitted twice into the cylinder'ateach revolution, and by this means a constant steam-pressure ismaintained against the piston during the entire revolution vand withoutinterfering with the continuous movement of the piston in one direction,and also without detriment to the vfacility of the engine for automaticcut-off and expansion of steam.

:By aproper arrangement of valves-l-snch as having the .inlet-valves Aonsection E' of the annular cylinder and the exhaust-valves on section Eof the annular cylinderthe engine can be run vin either direction by asimple 4change-in the direction of the steam.

All ofthe features ot the annular cylinder, thepiston, the `piston-disk,the abutment, .the centrifugal balance, the cylinder-extension, theadjustable bearings, the packing-rings, and devices for compensating forwear in the double fengine (shown complete in Fig. 1,) ap- Y ply tothemodied form of construction, which,

in reality, simply eliminatesone cylinder and IZO Yone-pistona'nd theirnecessary concomitante.

claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a revolving piston, of arotary disk-abutment arranged at right angles to the rotary piston, andsuitable mechanism for imparting a continuous rotary motion thereto,substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes herein setforth.

2. In a rotary engine, the combination, with :i rotary piston-disk, of arotary abutment-disk arranged at right angles to the rotary pistondisk,and suitable mechanism for imparting a continuous rotary motion thereto,and having the periphery of said abutment arranged to snugly tit againstthe periphery of the pistondisk, substantially as shown and .described7and for the purposes herein set forth.

3. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a rotary piston-disk havinga concave periphery, of a rotary disk-abutment arranged at right anglesto the piston-disk, and provided with a concave periphery and suitablemechanism for imparting a continuous rotary motion thereto,substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes herein setforth.

4. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a revolving piston andtapered piston-extenn sions, of a rotary disk-abutment arranged at rightangles to the piston-disk, substantially as shown and described, and forthe purposes herein set forth.

5. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a self-adjusting piston, ofa rotary disk-abutment arranged to revolve at right angles to the lineof movement of said piston, substantially as shown and described, andfor the purposes herein set forth.

6. In a rotary engine, the combination, with the cylinder provided withan annular bore made circular in cross-section, of a rotary diskabutmentarranged to rotate at right angles to the annular bore and to open andclose the same, and with suitable mechanism for imparting a continuousrotary motion thereto, substantially as shown and described, and for thepurposes herein set forth.

7. In a rotary engine, the combination, with arotary piston-disk, of arotary disk-abutment arranged at right angles to the piston-disk, andcylinder-extensions located at opposite sides of said abutment andextending toward the center of the cylinder, substantially as shown anddescribed, and for the purposes herein set forth.

8. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a cylinder and revolvingpiston, of a revolving disk-abutment arranged at right angles to therevolving piston and cylinder extensions, provided with aself-regulating packing-rin g, substantially as shown and described, andfor the purposes herein set forth.

9. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a cylinder and revolvingpiston and pistondisk, of a rotary disk-abutment arranged at rightangles to the revolving piston and cylinder extensions, provided withselfadjusting packing for packing the sides of the abutment andpiston-disk, substantially as shown and described, and for the purposesherein set forth.

10. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a rotary piston-diskprovided with piston-extensions, and self-adjustable piston locatedbetween the adjacent ends of said extensions, of a rotary disk-abutmentarranged at iight angles to the rotary piston and provided with auirregularly-curved cut-away portion for the passage of said piston andpiston extensions, substantially as shown and described, and for thepurposes herein set forth.

11. In arotary engine, the combination, with a revolving piston, of arotary diskabutment mounted on a shaft and arranged at right angles withthe revolving piston, and devices forimparting vertical adjustment tosaid shaft and rotary disk-abutment, substantially as shown anddescribed, and for the purposes herein set forth.

12. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a revolving piston, of arotary disk-abutment mounted on a shaft, and devices for impartinglongitudinal adjustment to said shaft, sub stantially as shown anddescribed, and for the purposes herein set forth.

13. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a revolving piston, of arotary disk-abutment mounted on a shaft, and bearings for receiving theend-thrust of said shaft, substantially as shown and described, and forthe purposes herein set forth.

14. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a rotary pistondisk, of apiston provided with an expansible paekin g-rin g formed with a projection which tits into a recess in the pistondisk, substantially asshown and described, and for the purposes herein set forth.

15. Ina rotary engine, the combination, with a rotary piston-disk, of apiston connected therewith, said piston being provided with anexpansible packing-ring constructed with a projection that is split byvertical and horizontal walls, substantially as shown and de scribed,and for the purposes herein set forth.

16. In a rotary engine, the combination, with the main driving-shaft andthe shaft carrying the rotating abutment, arranged at right angles withthe revolving piston, of intermediate gearing for transmitting apositive mo tion to the rotary abutment-shaft from the main driving-shaft, substantially as shown and described, and for the purposesherein setforth.

17. In a rotary engine, the combination, with the revolving piston-disk,of a self-adjusting piston and devices for counteractin g the effect ofcentrifugal force exerted on the piston, substantially as shown anddescribed, and for the purposes herein set forth.

IOO

18. In a rotary engine,tl1ecombination,with A a rotary piston-disk, of apiston, a weight,le ver, and connectin g-links for counterbalancin g thepiston, substantially as shown and described, and for the purposesherein set forth.

19. In a rotary en gine, the combination, with arotary piston-disk and ahollow piston-extension, of a weight located in the hollow pistonextension, and links and a lever for connecting the piston and weight,substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes herein setforth.

20. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a rotary piston-disk and alever provided with an adjustable fulcrum located within a slot oropening in said piston-disk, of a piston connected by a rod to one endof said lever and a weight connected by a rod to the other end of saidlever, substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes hereinset forth.

21. In a rotary engine, the combination, with a rotating piston-disk'and a piston provided with two expansible rin gs, of devices connectedwith the inner expansible ring for counterbalancing the action ofcentrifugal force on the piston, substantially as shown and described,and for the purposes herein set forth.

- 22. In a rotary en gine,the combination, with Athe drivingshaft androtary piston-disk havv ing conical recesses in the ends of its hubs, of

split conical rings and bolts for securing the piston-disk to the shaft,substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes herein setforth. v

23. In a rotary engine, one section of th'e cylinder having theprojections E3 cast solid therewith, said projections being constructedto receive the bearings of the rotary disk-abutforth.

26. The combination, with the packin g-rin gs of thecylinder-extensions, of the block L,the sprin gs L3, wedges L5, andset-screws L4, substantially as shown and described, and for thepurposes herein set forth.

27. The rotary abutment-disk, cut away on one side for the passage ofthe piston and cored out on its opposite side to balance the disk,substantially as shown and described, and for the purposes herein setforth.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specieation in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

LEANDER J. WING. Witnesses:

D. P. CoWL, GEO. R. BYlNG'roN.-

